A study in Nature conducted by researchers at Dartmouth College, sows that it only took 111 fossil fuel companies to create $28tr of climate damage in three decades.

Considering damage done between 1991 and 2020, the study also identifies the five highest emitters as, in order, Saudi Aramco, Gazprom, Chevron, ExxonMobil and BP.

Almost a third of all costs could be attributed to these five companies according to the study.

By using scope 1 and 3 emissions data from the companies for dividing up the liability, the researchers arrived at the overall figure of damages by assessing that the global economy would be $28tr richer had climate change not affected it. Clearly this is in an area of probability, but the researches believe it is 90 per cent likely.

---