Climate policies continued to proliferate globally in 2025 according to the LSE Grantham Research Institute.

Despite major setbacks, including ongoing deregulation efforts in the US and mixed outcomes from November’s UN climate conference, COP30, there are now more than 9,000 climate laws, policies and submissions to the UNFCCC, across 196 countries and territories plus the EU.

2025 highlights included the UK’s Great British Energy Act 2025 creating GB Energy, two new climate change framework laws in Côte d’Ivoire and Turkey in 2025, Australia’s Commonwealth Climate Disclosure Policy, and the Maldives’ Just Energy Transition Roadmap for the Energy Sector.

More financially based, Vanuatu’s Loss and Damage Policy set out a loss and damage framework and an implementation roadmap for measures to improve loss and damage management under climate change.

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